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Solanum lycopersicum
Growing calendar
Typical timing for central Japan (Kanto region). Shift it for your own climate, and record your actual dates.
Guides
- How to Plant Tomatoes: Choosing Transplants and Planting Depth
- How to Prune Tomatoes: Removing Suckers, Tying In and Topping
- How Often to Water and Feed Tomato Plants
- Tomato Growing Calendar: What to Do Month by Month
- Tomato Problems: Blossom End Rot, Splitting, Blight and Wilt
- When to Pick Tomatoes and How to Store Them
Common problems
Start from what you can see on the plant.
Pests and diseases (103)
Problems recorded for this plant, most serious first.
Bacterial Wilt
MajorDisease
Leaves wilt while still green during the day and recover in the morning and evening; after a few days of this the plant dies. Cut the stem and stand it in water and a milky white bacterial ooze streams out in threads.
Fusarium Wilt
MajorDisease
Lower leaves wilt during the day and recover morning and evening, and this cycle repeats as the plant dies back. Cutting the stem reveals characteristic browning of the vascular tissue.
Late Blight
MajorDisease
Dark green water-soaked lesions appear on the leaves and expand quickly into brown dead tissue. White mold forms on the underside and at the lesion edge, and dark brown lesions spread to stems and fruit.
Tomato Spotted Wilt
MajorDisease
Brown necrotic spots and ring patterns appear on the leaves and the growing tips shrivel and darken. Fruit develops concentric yellow rings that make it unmarketable.
Helicoverpa Bollworms
MajorPest
Round holes are bored into fruit and buds, the inside eaten out and packed with frass. Rot spreads from the entry hole, leading to fruit and bud drop.
Bacterial Canker
MajorDisease
Leaf margins scorch and die back, and splitting the stem reveals browned vascular tissue. Scabby, bird's-eye lesions form on fruit and shoots.
Puffy Fruit
MajorDisorder
The fruit looks normal outside but is hollow inside when cut, feeling light and angular in the hand. Flavor is thin and shelf life is poor.
Whiteflies
MajorPest
Shake the plant and a cloud of tiny white insects flies up. Nymphs stay fixed on leaf undersides, and honeydew-fed sooty mold blackens the leaves as the plant weakens.
Blossom End Rot
MajorDisorder
The blossom end of the fruit turns water-soaked, then dark brown, and sinks in. It is most common on fruit in the sizing stage, and secondary rot often follows.
Excess Nitrogen
MajorDisorder
Leaves are large and dark green and stems grow thick but soft. Flowering and fruit set decline while aphids and disease become more frequent.
Etiolation
MajorDisorder
Internodes stretch long, stems are thin and leaf color is pale. The plant topples easily and becomes vulnerable to pests and disease.
Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl
MajorDisease
New leaves stay small, turn yellow and curl upward at the margins. The plant becomes stunted, flowers drop, and almost no fruit sets.
Tomato Mosaic Virus
MajorDisease
Light and dark mosaic appears on the leaves, which narrow, twist and crinkle. Fruit ripens unevenly and browns internally, cutting both yield and quality.
Damping-off
MajorDisease
The stem pinches in at soil level, turning water-soaked to brown and thin, and the seedling topples over. Infection before emergence makes the stand uneven with missing plants.
Root-knot Nematode
MajorPest
The plant wilts in the daytime and does not recover with feeding or watering. Pull it up and the roots carry beaded chains of galls of varying size with few fine roots.
Gray Mold
MajorDisease
Water-soaked brown lesions form on flowers, fruit and leaves, densely covered by a fuzzy gray mold. Fruit rots and drops, and decay continues in storage after harvest.
Tomato Leaf Mold
MajorDisease
Pale yellow indistinct patches form on the upper leaf surface with a velvety gray-brown mold underneath. Leaves die back from the bottom up, and fruit set and sizing suffer.
Verticillium Wilt
MajorDisease
Only one side of the lower leaves yellows and wilts, and the symptom moves up the plant. Stem vascular tissue turns pale brown and the plant dies without ever growing well.
Bacterial Speck
MajorDisease
Small dark brown spots ringed by a yellow halo form on the leaves, and heavy infection burns off the whole leaf. Fruit carries scattered black pinpoint specks.
Magnesium Deficiency
MajorDisorder
Yellowing appears between the veins of the lower leaves while the veins stay green, giving a net-like pattern. It later browns and dies back, and is most obvious on plants carrying a heavy fruit load.
Fruit Cracking
MajorDisorder
Radial or concentric cracks open around the shoulder and calyx of the fruit. Rot organisms enter through the cracks and the fruit spoils quickly.
Aphids
CommonPest
Small green or black insects cluster on shoot tips and leaf undersides, crinkling the leaves and stopping growth. The honeydew they excrete supports sooty mold that blackens the foliage.
Waterlogging Root Decay
CommonDisorder
The plant wilts even though the soil never dries, and the lower leaves yellow. Pull it up and the roots have turned brown to black with a distinctive rotten smell.
Stink Bugs
CommonPest
Small feeding punctures on fruit become sunken or turn spongy and discolored. On legumes the pods fail to fill, and fruit drop and deformity increase.
Southern Blight
CommonDisease
The stem rots at soil level and white silky mycelium spreads over the crown and the surrounding soil surface. Brown sclerotia the size of rapeseed then form and the plant wilts and dies rapidly.
Tobacco Mosaic Virus
CommonDisease
New leaves show a clear light-and-dark green mosaic, become wavy and stay small. Growth stalls and fruit fails to size up properly.
Twenty-eight-spotted Ladybird
CommonPest
The leaf surface is shaved thin, leaving a fine net-like pattern of feeding scars. Heavy feeding browns and kills the leaves and scars the fruit surface as well.
Root Rot
CommonDisease
Fine roots rot brown to blackish brown, growth stops and the lower leaves yellow. The plant wilts easily in the daytime and eventually dies outright.
Leafminer Flies
CommonPest
Winding white tunnels run through the leaf with the larva at the head of the mine. Heavy mining turns the whole leaf white and dead, cutting photosynthesis.
Sunscald
CommonDisorder
The sun-facing side of the fruit bleaches white to pale yellow, then dries into a sunken leathery patch. Rot organisms enter easily through the damaged tissue.
Cucumber Mosaic Virus
OccasionalDisease
New leaves show a yellow-green mosaic, crinkle, and the whole plant becomes stunted. Fruit colors unevenly and grows misshapen.
Potato Virus Y
OccasionalDisease
Mosaic, crinkling and vein necrosis appear on the leaves and the lower leaves die back. The plant is stunted and yield falls; some strains leave necrotic rings on the tuber surface.
Vine Overgrowth
OccasionalDisorder
Leaves grow large and dark green and the vines keep running vigorously, but no flowers or fruit set. In sweet potato the tubers fail to bulk up.
Bacterial Spot
OccasionalDisease
Small water-soaked spots appear on the leaves, later turning brown with yellowing around them. Fruit develops water-soaked or scabby spots from which rot spreads.
Potato Leafroll
RareDisease
Lower leaves roll inward into tubes and become stiff and leathery. The plant is stunted and yellowed, and tubers are small and few.
Fusarium Yellows
Disease
Yellowing starts on the lower leaves, the petioles twist and the plant leans to one side. Vascular tissue browns, growth stops, and heading vegetables may die without ever forming a head.
Powdery Mildew
Disease
White patches appear scattered on the upper leaf surface at first, then the whole leaf is coated in a white powder. Leaves later yellow, brown and die back, and reduced photosynthesis cuts growth and yield.
Brown Leaf Spot
Disease
Small light brown to gray-brown spots form on the leaves and enlarge into irregular lesions. When they merge the whole leaf dies and plant vigor drops sharply.
Sclerotinia Rot
Disease
The crown, stem or head rots in a water-soaked way and is covered in white cottony mycelium. Black sclerotia later form inside and on the surface, and the plant wilts and dies.
Anthracnose
Disease
Light brown to dark brown round lesions with sharp margins form on leaves and fruit, slightly sunken in the center. In wet weather salmon-pink slimy spore masses ooze out on the lesions.
Bacterial Soft Rot
Disease
The crown or the head becomes water-soaked and soft, then collapses into a slimy mush. The rotting tissue gives off a distinctive foul odor.
Root-lesion Nematode
Pest
Elongated blackish brown necrotic lesions form on the root surface and fine roots rot away. Above ground the stand is uneven and plants stay small with pale foliage.
Leaf Spot
Disease
Small round brown to gray-white lesions appear on the lower leaves, the centers turning gray with tiny black specks. As they multiply the leaf yellows and drops early.
Ring Rot
Disease
The bark of branches and trunk becomes rough and warty, serving as the inoculum source. Fruit develops round brown lesions that soften and rot in concentric rings.
